Adamu Kos Ko muna magana ne game da Apple, Samsung ko ma TSMC, sau da yawa muna jin labarin hanyoyin da ake kera kwakwalwan su. Hanya ce ta masana'anta da ake amfani da ita don yin guntun siliki wanda aka ƙaddara ta yadda ƙananan transistor guda ɗaya ke ƙunshe. Amma menene ma'anar lambobi ɗaya?
Misali, iPhone 13 yana dauke da guntun A15 Bionic, wanda aka kera ta amfani da fasahar 5nm kuma yana dauke da transistor biliyan 15. Koyaya, guntu A14 Bionic da ta gabata ita ma an kera ta ta amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya, wanda duk da haka ya ƙunshi transistor biliyan 11,8 kawai. Idan aka kwatanta da su, akwai kuma guntu M1, wanda ya ƙunshi transistor biliyan 16. Duk da cewa kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Apple nasu ne, TSMC ne ke kera su, wanda shine babban ƙwararrun masana'anta kuma mai zaman kanta a duniya.
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
An kafa wannan kamfani a cikin 1987. Yana ba da babban fayil na yuwuwar hanyoyin masana'antu, daga matakan micrometer da suka wuce zuwa matakan ci gaba na zamani kamar 7nm tare da fasahar EUV ko tsarin 5nm. Tun daga 2018, TSMC ya fara amfani da manyan lithography don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na 7nm kuma ya ninka ƙarfin samarwa. A cikin 2020, ya riga ya fara samar da siriyal na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na 5nm, waɗanda ke da 7% mafi girma fiye da 80nm, amma kuma 15% mafi girma aiki ko 30% ƙananan amfani.
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Za a fara samar da serial na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na 3nm a cikin rabin na biyu na shekara mai zuwa. Wannan ƙarni yayi alƙawarin 70% mafi girma girma da 15% mafi girma aiki, ko 30% ƙananan amfani fiye da tsarin 5nm. Koyaya, tambaya ce ko Apple zai iya tura shi a cikin iPhone 14. Koyaya, kamar yadda rahoton Czech ya ruwaito. Wikipedia, TSMC ya riga ya haɓaka fasaha don tsarin samar da 1nm tare da haɗin gwiwar mutum ɗaya da ƙungiyoyin kimiyya. Yana iya zuwa wurin wani lokaci a cikin 2025. Duk da haka, idan muka kalli gasar, Intel yana shirin ƙaddamar da tsarin 3nm a 2023, kuma Samsung shekara guda bayan haka.
Zai iya zama sha'awar ku
Magana 3 nm
Idan kuna tunanin cewa 3nm yana nufin wasu ainihin kayan zahiri na transistor, ba haka bane. A zahiri kalma ce ta kasuwanci ko tallace-tallace da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin masana'antar kera guntu don komawa zuwa sabon, ingantaccen ƙarni na kwakwalwan siliki semiconductor dangane da ƙara yawan ƙarfin transistor, saurin gudu, da rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki. A taƙaice, ana iya cewa ƙaramin guntu ana samar da shi ta hanyar nm, mafi zamani, mai ƙarfi kuma tare da ƙarancin amfani.
