Amaya Toman An buga littafin Leander Kahney, wanda ke kwatanta rayuwa da aikin Tim Cook, cikin ƴan kwanaki. Ainihin aikin ya kamata ya kasance mai zurfi sosai kuma ya haɗa da cikakkun bayanai masu alaƙa da Steve Jobs. Wasu abubuwan ba su sanya shi cikin littafin ba, amma Kahney ya raba shi ga masu karatun shafin Cult of Mac.
A cikin gida da kuma daidai
An san Steve Jobs a matsayin mai kamala wanda yake son a sarrafa komai - masana'antar kwamfuta ba ta cikin wannan batun. Lokacin da ya kafa NeXT bayan ya bar Apple a tsakiyar 1980s, ya so ya sarrafa daidai da sarrafa samarwa. Amma nan da nan ya gano cewa ba zai yi sauƙi ba. Leander Kahney, marubucin tarihin rayuwar Tim Cook, yana ba da haske mai ban sha'awa game da ayyukan bayan fage na Ayyuka' NeXT.
A cikin "Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing", Randall E. Stross cikin rashin gaskiya ya kira samar da kwamfutocin NeXT na gida "Ayyukan da suka fi tsada kuma mafi karancin wayo da aka taba yi". A cikin shekara guda da NeXT ke gudanar da masana'anta na kwamfuta, ta yi asarar tsabar kuɗi da kuma amfanin jama'a.
Yin nasa kwamfutoci wani abu ne da Ayuba ke bi tun daga farko. A farkon ayyukan NeXT, Ayyuka suna da kyakkyawan tsari wanda ƴan kwangila za su sarrafa wasu masana'antun, yayin da NeXT da kanta za ta gudanar da taro na ƙarshe da gwaji. Amma a cikin 1986, kamalar ayyukan Jobs da sha'awar cikakken iko sun ci nasara, kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa a ƙarshe kamfaninsa zai karɓi ɗaukacin sarrafa kansa na kwamfutocinsa. Ya kamata a yi shi kai tsaye a yankin Amurka.
Wuraren masana'antar sun kasance a Fremont, California kuma sun bazu sama da ƙafa dubu 40. Masana'antar ta kasance kusa da inda aka kera Macintoshes 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. An ba da rahoton cewa ayyuka sun yi ba'a tare da NeXT CFO Susan Barnes cewa ya koya daga kurakuran fara masana'anta na Apple ta atomatik don masana'antar NeXT ta ci gaba da tafiya lafiya.
Inuwa madaidaiciya, madaidaiciyar hanya, kuma babu masu ratayewa
Wani bangare na aikin a cikin masana'anta ya ce mutum-mutumi ne suka yi, tare da hada allunan da'ira don kwamfutoci daga NeXTU ta amfani da fasahar da a halin yanzu ta zama ruwan dare a yawancin masana'antu a duniya. Kamar yadda yake tare da Macintosh, Ayyuka suna so su kasance masu iko da komai - ciki har da tsarin launi na inji a cikin masana'anta, wanda aka ɗauka a cikin inuwa mai launin toka, fari da baki. Ayyuka sun kasance masu tsauri game da inuwar injunan, kuma lokacin da ɗayansu ya zo cikin launi daban-daban, Steve ya dawo ba tare da ƙarin jin daɗi ba.
Kammala ayyukan ayyuka ya bayyana a wasu wurare ma - alal misali, ya bukaci injinan su ci gaba da tafiya daga dama zuwa hagu lokacin da ake hada alluna, wanda ya saba wa al'ada fiye da yadda aka saba a lokacin. Dalili kuwa shi ne, Jobs yana son sanya masana'antar ta isa ga jama'a, kuma jama'a, a ra'ayinsa, suna da hakkin su kalli yadda ake gudanar da aikin gaba daya ta yadda zai yi dadi a mahangarsu.
A ƙarshe, duk da haka, ba a samar da masana'anta a bainar jama'a ba, don haka wannan matakin ya zama mai tsada da rashin amfani.
Amma wannan ba shine kawai mataki na sha'awar samar da masana'anta ga maziyartan ba - Ayyuka, alal misali, an sanya matakala na musamman a nan, farar bango a cikin salon gallery ko watakila kujerun fata na marmari a cikin harabar, ɗayan wanda farashinsa. Dala dubu 20. Af, masana'antar ba ta da masu ratayewa inda ma'aikata za su iya sanya rigunansu - Ayyuka sun ji tsoron cewa kasancewarsu zai dagula kallon mafi ƙarancin ciki.
Taɓa farfaganda
Ayyukan ba su bayyana kudin da aka kashe na gina masana'antar ba, amma ana hasashen cewa "ya yi kasa sosai" fiye da dala miliyan 20 da aka dauka don gina masana'antar Macintosh.
NeXT ya nuna fasahar kere kere a cikin wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna "Mashin da ke Gina Machines". A cikin fim din, mutummutumi ya yi aiki tare da rikodin sautin kiɗa. Kusan hoton farfaganda ne, yana nuna duk yuwuwar da masana'antar NeXT ta bayar. Wata talifi a cikin mujallar Newsweek daga Oktoba 1988 ta kwatanta yadda Ayuba ya kusan zubar da hawaye saboda ganin na’urar mutum-mutumi.
Ma'aikata daban-daban
Mujallar Fortune ta bayyana masana'antar NeXT a matsayin "masana'antar kwamfuta ta ƙarshe," wanda ke nuna kusan komai - Lasers, robots, saurin gudu, da ƙarancin lahani. Wani labari mai ban sha'awa ya kwatanta, alal misali, wani mutum-mutumi mai kamannin na'urar ɗinki wanda ke haɗa haɗaɗɗun da'irori cikin sauri mai girma. Babban bayanin ya ƙare da bayanin yadda robobin suka zarce ƙarfin ɗan adam a masana'antar. A ƙarshen labarin, Fortune ya ambato Steve Jobs - ya ce a lokacin cewa yana "alfahari da masana'anta kamar yadda ya kasance na kwamfuta".
NeXT ba ta kafa wata manufa ta samar da masana'anta ba, amma bisa ga kiyasi a lokacin, layin samar da kayan yana iya fitar da alluna sama da 207 da aka kammala a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, masana'anta na da sararin samaniya don layi na biyu, wanda zai iya ninka yawan adadin samarwa. Amma NeXT bai taɓa samun waɗannan lambobin ba.
Ayyuka na son samar da kansa ta atomatik don manyan dalilai guda biyu. Na farko shine sirri, wanda zai zama mahimmanci mafi wuya a cimma lokacin da aka canja wurin samarwa zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa. Na biyu shine kula da inganci - Ayyuka sun yi imanin cewa haɓaka aiki da kai zai rage yuwuwar lalacewar masana'anta.
Saboda babban matakin sarrafa kansa, masana'antar kwamfuta ta NeXT ta bambanta da sauran masana'antar kera Silicon Valley. Maimakon ma'aikatan "blue-collar", ma'aikata masu digiri daban-daban na ilimi na fasaha sun kasance a nan - bisa ga bayanan da aka samu, kusan kashi 70% na ma'aikatan masana'antar suna da digiri na uku.
Willy Jobs Wonka
Kamar Willy Wonka, mai masana'antar daga littafin "Dwarf and Chocolate Factory" na Roald Dahl, Steve Jobs ya so ya tabbatar da cewa hannayen mutane ba su taɓa kayansa ba har sai sun isa ga masu su. Bayan haka, Ayyuka sun sanya kansa a matsayin Willy Wonka bayan ƴan shekaru, lokacin da a cikin kwat ɗin sa ya ke rakiya abokin ciniki na miliyan wanda ya sayi iMac a kusa da harabar Apple.
Randy Heffner, mataimakin shugaban masana'antu wanda Jobs ya jawo shi zuwa NeXT daga Hewlett-Packard, ya bayyana dabarun masana'antar kamfanin a matsayin "yunƙuri na gaske don samar da gasa ta hanyar ingantacciyar sarrafa kayayyaki na dukiya, babban birnin, da mutane." A cikin kalmominsa, ya shiga NeXT daidai saboda samar da shi. Fa'idodin samarwa mai sarrafa kansa a NeXT an samo asali ne ta hanyar babban inganci ko ƙarancin lahani na Heffner.
A ina suka yi kuskure?
Kamar yadda ra'ayin Ayyuka na masana'anta ta atomatik ya kasance, aikin a ƙarshe ya gaza. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka haifar da gazawar samar da kayayyaki shine kudi - a ƙarshen 1988, NeXT yana samar da kwamfutoci 400 a kowane wata don biyan bukata. A cewar Heffner, masana'antar tana da ikon samar da raka'a 10 a kowane wata, amma Ayyuka sun damu game da yuwuwar tarin guntun da ba a sayar da su ba. A tsawon lokaci, samarwa ya ragu zuwa kasa da kwamfutoci dari a kowane wata.
Farashin samarwa ya yi yawa daidai gwargwado a cikin mahallin kwamfutoci da aka sayar da su. Kamfanin yana aiki har zuwa watan Fabrairun 1993, lokacin da Jobs ya yanke shawarar yin bankwana da mafarkinsa na samarwa ta atomatik. Tare da rufe masana'antar, Jobs kuma ya yi bankwana da aikin nasa.
