Rufe talla

A Amurka, rikici tsakanin Apple, FBI da Ma'aikatar Shari'a na karuwa a kowace rana. A cewar Apple, tsaron bayanan daruruwan miliyoyin mutane na cikin hadari, amma a cewar FBI, ya kamata kamfanin na California ya ja da baya domin masu bincike su samu damar shiga wayar iPhone na dan ta'addar da ya harbe mutane goma sha hudu tare da raunata wasu fiye da dozin biyu. a San Bernardino a bara.

Hakan ya fara ne da umarnin kotu da Apple ya samu daga FBI. Hukumar FBI ta Amurka tana da wayar iPhone na Syed Rizwan Farook mai shekaru 14. A farkon watan Disambar bara, shi da abokin aikinsa sun harbe mutane XNUMX a San Bernardino, California, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin aikin ta'addanci. Tare da IPhone ɗin da aka kama, FBI na son samun ƙarin bayani game da Farook da batun gabaɗaya, amma suna da matsala - wayar tana da kalmar sirri kuma FBI ba za ta iya shiga ba.

Duk da cewa Apple ya yi hadin gwiwa da masu binciken Amurka tun daga farko, amma bai wadatar da FBI ba, kuma a karshe, tare da gwamnatin Amurka, suna kokarin tilasta Apple ya karya tsaro ta hanyar da ba a taba gani ba. Giant California ya ƙi wannan kuma Tim Cook ya sanar a wata budaddiyar wasika cewa zai yi yaki da shi. Bayan haka, nan da nan tattaunawa ta barke, bayan haka Cook da kansa ya kira, yana warware ko Apple ya yi daidai, ko FBI ta nemi irin wannan abu kuma, a takaice, a wane bangare wanda ya tsaya.

Za mu tilasta masa

Budaddiyar wasiƙar Cook ta haifar da ɗimbin sha'awa. Yayin da wasu kamfanonin fasaha, manyan abokan Apple a cikin wannan yakin, da sauransu Masu yin iPhone sun nuna goyon baya, Gwamnatin Amurka ba ta son halin kin amincewa ko kadan. Kamfanin na California yana da tsawaita wa'adin har zuwa ranar Juma'a, 26 ga Fabrairu, don amsa umarnin kotu a hukumance, amma ma'aikatar shari'a ta Amurka ta kammala daga maganganunta cewa da wuya ta yi watsi da bin umarnin.

"Maimakon bin umarnin kotu na taimakawa wajen gudanar da bincike kan wannan harin ta'addanci na kisan kai, Apple ya mayar da martani ta hanyar watsi da shi a bainar jama'a. Wannan ƙin yarda, kodayake yana cikin ikon Apple na bin wannan umarni, amma da alama ya dogara ne akan tsarin kasuwancinsa da dabarun tallan kasuwancinsa," ya kai hari ga gwamnatin Amurka, wanda ke shirin, tare da FBI, don yin iyakar ƙoƙarin tilasta Apple. hada kai.

Abin da FBI ke neman Apple abu ne mai sauki. IPhone 5C da aka samu, mallakar daya daga cikin ‘yan ta’addan da aka harbe, an tsare shi da lambar lamba, wanda in ba haka ba masu binciken ba za su iya samun bayanai daga gare ta ba. Shi ya sa FBI ke son Apple ya samar masa da wani kayan aiki (a zahiri, wani nau’i na musamman na tsarin aiki) wanda ke kashe fasalin da ke goge iPhone baki daya bayan XNUMX ba daidai ba code, tare da baiwa masu fasaharsa damar gwada haduwa daban-daban a takaice. In ba haka ba, iOS yana da tsattsauran jinkiri lokacin shigar da kalmar wucewa akai-akai ba daidai ba.

Da zarar waɗannan hane-hane sun faɗi, FBI za ta iya gano lambar tare da abin da ake kira harin ƙarfi, ta amfani da kwamfuta mai ƙarfi don gwada duk yuwuwar haɗa lambobin don buɗe wayar. Amma Apple ya ɗauki irin wannan kayan aiki a matsayin babban haɗarin tsaro. “Gwamnatin Amurka tana son mu dauki matakin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba wanda ke barazana ga tsaron masu amfani da mu. Dole ne mu kare kan wannan odar, saboda yana iya yin tasiri fiye da yadda lamarin yake a yanzu, "in ji Tim Cook.

Ba shine kawai iPhone ba

Apple ya yi adawa da umarnin kotu da cewa hukumar FBI ko kadan tana son ta samar da wata kofa ta baya wacce daga nan za a iya shiga duk wani iPhone. Ko da yake hukumomin binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun damu ne kawai da wayar da za a kai daga harin San Bernardino, amma babu tabbacin - kamar yadda Apple ya yi jayayya - cewa ba za a yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki ba a nan gaba. Ko kuma gwamnatin Amurka ba za ta sake amfani da shi ba, tuni ba tare da sanin Apple da masu amfani da shi ba.

[su_pullquote align=”dama”]Ba mu jin dadin kasancewa a kishiyar gwamnati.[/su_pullquote]Tim Cook ya yi Allah wadai da wannan ta'addancin a madadin kamfaninsa baki daya, sannan ya kara da cewa, abin da Apple ke yi a halin yanzu ba ya nuna taimakon 'yan ta'adda ba, illa dai kawai kare wasu daruruwan miliyoyin mutanen da ba 'yan ta'adda ba ne, kuma kamfanin yana ji. wajibcin kare bayanansu.

Wani muhimmin abu mai mahimmanci a cikin gabaɗayan muhawarar shine gaskiyar cewa Farook's iPhone tsohon samfurin 5C ne, wanda har yanzu bai sami mahimman fasalulluka na tsaro a cikin nau'in ID na Touch da abin da ke da alaƙa da Secure Enclave. Koyaya, a cewar Apple, kayan aikin da FBI ta nema shima zai iya "buɗe" sabbin iPhones waɗanda ke da na'urar karanta yatsa, don haka ba hanyar da za ta iyakance ga tsofaffin na'urori ba.

Bugu da kari, ba a gina dukkan shari'ar ta yadda Apple ya ki taimakawa binciken, don haka ma'aikatar shari'a da FBI sun cimma matsaya ta hanyar kotu. Akasin haka, Apple yana ba da hadin kai sosai ga sassan binciken tun lokacin da aka kama iPhone 5C a hannun daya daga cikin 'yan ta'adda.

Muhimmin rashin da'a na bincike

A cikin duka binciken, aƙalla daga abin da ya zama jama'a, za mu iya ganin wasu bayanai masu ban sha'awa. Tun daga farko, FBI tana son samun damar yin amfani da bayanan ajiyar da aka adana ta atomatik a cikin iCloud akan iPhone da aka samu. Apple ya ba masu bincike da dama yiwuwar yanayi don yadda za su cim ma hakan. Bugu da kari, shi da kansa a baya ya ba da ajiya na karshe da ya samu. Duk da haka, an riga an yi hakan a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, watau kasa da watanni biyu kafin harin, wanda bai wadatar da FBI ba.

Apple na iya samun damar iCloud backups ko da na'urar da aka kulle ko kalmar sirri kariya. Don haka bisa buqatar Farook na baya bayan nan FBI ne ta ba shi ba tare da wata matsala ba. Kuma don zazzage sabbin bayanai, FBI ta ba da shawarar cewa a haɗa iPhone ɗin da aka kwato zuwa wani sanannen Wi-Fi (a ofishin Farook, tunda wayar kamfani ce), saboda da zarar iPhone ɗin da aka kunna ta atomatik yana haɗa shi da na'urar. sananne Wi-Fi, yana da goyon baya.

Amma bayan kwace wayar iPhone, masu binciken sun yi babban kuskure. Wakilan gundumar San Bernardino wadanda ke da iPhone sun yi aiki tare da FBI don sake saita kalmar wucewa ta Apple ID Farook a cikin sa'o'i da gano wayar (watakila sun sami damar yin amfani da ita ta hanyar imel ɗin aikin maharin). Da farko dai FBI ta musanta irin wannan aiki, amma daga baya ta tabbatar da sanarwar gundumar California. Har yanzu ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa masu binciken suka ɗauki irin wannan matakin ba, amma sakamakon ɗaya a bayyane yake: umarnin Apple na haɗa iPhone zuwa sanannun Wi-Fi ya zama mara aiki.

Da zaran an canza kalmar sirri ta Apple ID, iPhone zai ƙi yin madadin atomatik zuwa iCloud har sai an shigar da sabon kalmar sirri. Kuma saboda an kiyaye iPhone ta kalmar sirri da masu bincike ba su sani ba, ba za su iya tabbatar da sabon kalmar sirri ba. Sabon madadin bai yiwu ba. Apple ya yi ikirarin cewa FBI ta sake saita kalmar sirri ne saboda rashin hakuri, kuma masana suna girgiza kai a kai. A cewarsu, wannan babban kuskure ne a cikin tsarin shari'a. Idan ba a canza kalmar sirri ba, da an yi wa madadin kuma Apple ya ba da bayanan ga FBI ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ta wannan hanyar, duk da haka, su kansu masu binciken sun hana kansu wannan yiwuwar, kuma ƙari, irin wannan kuskuren na iya dawowa gare su a cikin yiwuwar binciken kotu.

Takaddamar da FBI ta zo da ita nan da nan bayan kuskuren da aka ambata a sama ya bayyana, cewa ba zai iya samun isassun bayanai daga ma'adanar iCloud ba, kamar dai an dawo da shi ta jiki kai tsaye daga iPhone, da alama abin shakku ne. A lokaci guda, idan ya gudanar ya gano kalmar sirri zuwa iPhone, da bayanai za a samu daga gare ta a kusan hanyar da backups a iTunes aiki. Kuma sun kasance iri ɗaya ne kamar akan iCloud, kuma watakila ma ƙarin cikakkun bayanai godiya ga madadin na yau da kullun. Kuma a cewar Apple, sun isa. Wannan ya haifar da tambayar dalilin da yasa FBI, idan tana son fiye da madadin iCloud kawai, ba ta gaya wa Apple kai tsaye ba.

Babu wanda zai ja da baya

Akalla yanzu, a fili yake cewa babu wani bangare da zai ja da baya. "A cikin rikicin San Bernardino, ba muna ƙoƙarin kafa wani abin tarihi ko aika sako ba. Ya shafi sadaukarwa da adalci. An kashe mutane 14 tare da yankan rayyuka da gawarwakin wasu da dama. Muna bin su cikakken bincike na doka da ƙwararru,” ya rubuta a cikin wani takaitaccen sharhi, daraktan FBI James Comey, a cewar kungiyarsa ba ta son duk wani nau'i na iPhones, don haka ya kamata Apple ya ba da hadin kai. Hatta wadanda harin San Bernardino ya rutsa da su ba su da hadin kai. Wasu na bangaren gwamnati, wasu kuma na maraba da zuwan Apple.

Apple ya kasance m. Tim Cook ya rubuta a cikin wata wasika ga ma'aikatan yau, yana kira ga gwamnati da ta janye wannan umarni, maimakon haka ta kirkiro "Ba mu jin dadin kasancewa a gefe daya na hakki da 'yanci ga gwamnatin da ya kamata ta kare su." kwamiti na musamman wanda ya kunshi kwararru wadanda za su tantance dukkan lamarin. "Apple zai so ya zama wani ɓangare na wannan."

Kusa da wani wasiƙa daga Apple akan gidan yanar gizon sa ya kirkiro shafin tambaya da amsa na musamman, inda ya yi kokarin bayyana gaskiyar lamarin domin kowa ya fahimci lamarin gaba daya daidai.

Ana iya sa ran ci gaba da ci gaba a shari'ar nan da Juma'a, 26 ga Fabrairu, lokacin da Apple ya kamata a yi sharhi a hukumance game da umarnin kotu, wanda ke neman sokewa.

Source: CNBC, TechCrunch, BuzzFeed (2) (3), Dokoki, Reuters
Photo: Kārlis Dambrāns
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