Vratislav Holub Jigon wayoyin Apple shine kwakwalwar su. Dangane da wannan, Apple ya dogara da nasa kwakwalwan kwamfuta daga dangin A-Series, wanda ya kera kansa sannan ya mika kayan aikin su ga TSMC (daya daga cikin manyan masana'antun semiconductor na duniya tare da fasahar zamani). Godiya ga wannan, yana iya tabbatar da ingantacciyar haɗin kai tsakanin kayan masarufi da software da kuma ɓoye babban aiki a cikin wayoyinsa fiye da wayoyin masu fafatawa. Duniyar kwakwalwan kwamfuta ta shiga cikin jinkirin juyin halitta mai ban mamaki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, inganta a zahiri ta kowace hanya.
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Amaya Toman Dangane da chipsets, ana yawan ambaton tsarin masana'anta da aka bayar a cikin nanometers. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan tsarin masana'antu, mafi kyawun shi ne ga guntu kanta. Adadin da ke cikin nanometers yana nuna tazarar da ke tsakanin nau'ikan lantarki guda biyu - tushe da kofa - a tsakanin su kuma akwai wata kofa da ke sarrafa kwararar electrons. A taƙaice, za a iya cewa ƙarami tsarin samarwa, za a iya amfani da electrodes (transistor) da yawa don yin amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda hakan yana ƙara aikin su kuma yana rage yawan makamashi. Kuma daidai ne a cikin wannan ɓangaren cewa abubuwan al'ajabi suna faruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, godiya ga abin da za mu iya jin daɗin ƙara ƙarfin miniaturization. Hakanan za'a iya gani daidai akan iPhones kansu. A cikin shekarun da suka wanzu, sun ci karo da sau da yawa raguwa a hankali na tsarin samar da kwakwalwan su, wanda, akasin haka, ya inganta a fagen aikin.
Karami tsarin masana'antu = mafi kyawun kwakwalwan kwamfuta
Misali, irin wannan iPhone 4 an sanye shi da guntu Apple A4 (2010). Chipset ne mai nauyin 32-bit tare da tsarin masana'anta na 45nm, wanda aka tabbatar da samar da shi daga Koriya ta Kudu Samsung. Samfurin mai zuwa A5 ya ci gaba da dogaro da tsarin 45nm don CPU, amma ya riga ya canza zuwa 32nm don GPU. Cikakken canji sannan ya faru tare da zuwan guntu Apple A6 a cikin 2012, wanda ya kunna ainihin iPhone 5. Lokacin da wannan canji ya zo, iPhone 5 ya ba da CPU 30% cikin sauri. Duk da haka dai, a wancan lokacin ci gaban kwakwalwan kwamfuta yana fara samun ƙarfi. Canji mai mahimmanci sannan ya zo a cikin 2013 tare da iPhone 5S, ko guntu Apple A7. Ita ce chipset na farko da aka taba samu na 64-bit don wayoyi, wanda ya dogara da tsarin samar da 28nm. A cikin shekaru 3 kacal, Apple ya sami nasarar rage shi da kusan rabi. Ko ta yaya, dangane da aikin CPU da GPU, ya inganta kusan sau biyu.
iPhone 5S
A cikin shekara ta gaba (2014), ya nemi kalmar iPhone 6 da 6 Plus, wanda ya ziyarta Apple A8. Af, wannan shine farkon chipset, wanda aka samo asali daga babban kamfanin Taiwan na TSMC. Wannan yanki ya zo tare da tsarin masana'anta na 20nm kuma yana ba da 25% mafi ƙarfi CPU da 50% mafi ƙarfi GPU. Don ingantattun sixes, iPhone 6S da 6S Plus, giant Cupertino ya fare akan guntu. Apple A9, wanda yake da ban sha'awa sosai a hanyarsa. Duk TSMC da Samsung sun tabbatar da samar da shi, amma tare da babban bambanci a cikin tsarin samarwa. Duk da cewa kamfanonin biyu sun samar da guntu guda ɗaya, kamfani ɗaya ya fito da tsarin 16nm (TSMC) ɗayan kuma yana da tsarin 14nm (Samsung). Duk da haka, bambance-bambance a cikin aikin bai fito ba. Akwai jita-jita kawai da ke yawo a tsakanin masu amfani da apple cewa iPhones tare da fitar da guntuwar guntu Samsung da sauri a ƙarƙashin ƙarin nauyi mai buƙata, wanda ya kasance gaskiya. A kowane hali, Apple ya ambata bayan gwaje-gwajen cewa wannan bambanci ne a cikin kewayon 2 zuwa 3 bisa dari, don haka ba shi da wani tasiri na gaske.
Samar da Chip don iPhone 7 da 7 Plus, Apple A10 Fusion, an sanya shi a hannun TSMC a shekara mai zuwa, wanda ya kasance mai keɓancewa na musamman tun daga lokacin. Samfurin a zahiri bai canza ba dangane da tsarin samarwa, saboda har yanzu yana da 16nm. Ko da haka, Apple ya sami damar haɓaka ayyukansa da kashi 40% na CPU da 50% na GPU. Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa Apple A11 Bionic a cikin iPhones 8, 8 Plus da X. Ƙarshen ya yi alfahari da tsarin samar da 10nm kuma don haka ya ga ingantaccen mahimmanci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan adadin maɗauri. Yayin da guntuwar A10 Fusion ya ba da jimlar 4 CPU cores (2 mai ƙarfi da tattalin arziki 2), A11 Bionic yana da 6 daga cikinsu (2 mai ƙarfi da 4 mai tattalin arziki). Masu ƙarfi sun sami haɓaka 25%, kuma a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki, haɓakar 70% ne.
Giant Cupertino daga baya ya jawo hankalin duniya ga kansa a cikin 2018 tare da guntu Apple A12 Bionic, wanda ya zama na farko da chipset tare da tsarin masana'antu na 7nm. Samfurin yana ba da iko na musamman na iPhone XS, XS Max, XR, da kuma iPad Air 3, iPad mini 5 ko iPad 8. Matsakaicin ƙarfinsa guda biyu shine 11% sauri da 15% mafi tattalin arziki idan aka kwatanta da A50 Bionic, yayin da hudu Matsakaicin tattalin arziki suna cinye 50% ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da guntu na baya. An gina guntuwar Apple akan tsarin samarwa iri ɗaya A13 Bionic An yi niyya don iPhone 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, SE 2 da iPad 9. Ƙaƙƙarfan muryoyinsa sun kasance 20% sauri da 30% mafi tattalin arziki, yayin da mai tattalin arziki ya sami haɓaka 20% da 40% ƙarin tattalin arziki. Sannan ya bude wannan zamani Apple A14 Bionic. Ya fara zuwa iPad Air 4, kuma bayan wata daya ya bayyana a cikin tsarar iPhone 12. A lokaci guda kuma, ita ce na'urar da aka sayar da ita ta farko da ta ba da chipset bisa tsarin samar da 5nm. Dangane da CPU, ya inganta da 40% kuma a cikin GPU da 30%. A halin yanzu ana ba mu iPhone 13 tare da guntu Apple A15 Bionic, wanda kuma ya dogara da tsarin samar da 5nm. Chips daga dangin M-Series, da sauransu, sun dogara da tsari iri ɗaya. Apple yana tura su a Macs tare da Apple Silicon.
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Me makomar zai kawo
A cikin fall, Apple ya kamata ya gabatar mana da sabon ƙarni na wayoyin Apple, iPhone 14. Dangane da leaks da hasashe na yanzu, samfuran Pro da Pro Max za su yi alfahari da sabon guntu Apple A16 gaba ɗaya, wanda a zahiri zai iya zuwa tare da masana'anta na 4nm. tsari. Akalla an dade ana maganar wannan a tsakanin masu noman apple, amma sabbin leaks na karyata wannan canjin. A bayyane yake, "kawai" za mu ga ingantaccen tsarin 5nm daga TSMC, wanda zai tabbatar da 10% mafi kyawun aiki da amfani da wutar lantarki. Don haka canjin ya kamata ya zo ne kawai a cikin shekara mai zuwa. A cikin wannan jagorar, akwai kuma magana game da amfani da tsarin juyi na 3nm gaba ɗaya, wanda TSMC ke aiki kai tsaye tare da Apple. Koyaya, aikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na wayar hannu ya kai matakin da ba a iya misaltawa a zahiri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda ke haifar da ƙaramin ci gaba a zahiri.
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Yawo a duniya tare da Apple 