Rufe talla

Apple makon da ya gabata ya gabatar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa sabuwar Apple TV tare da tsarin aiki na tvOS. Gaskiyar cewa ana iya shigar da aikace-aikacen daga App Store a cikin sabon akwatin baƙar fata tabbas ya sanya masu haɓaka farin ciki sosai.

Masu haɓakawa suna da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu. Za su iya rubuta ƙa'idar ta asali wacce ke da cikakkiyar dama ga kayan aikin Apple TV. SDK ɗin da ake samu (saitin ɗakunan karatu don masu haɓakawa) yayi kama da abin da masu haɓakawa suka rigaya suka sani daga iPhone, iPad, kuma harsunan shirye-shiryen iri ɗaya ne - Manufar-C da ƙaramin Swift.

Amma don aikace-aikace masu sauƙi, Apple ya ba wa masu haɓaka zaɓi na biyu a cikin nau'i na TVML - Television Markup Language. Idan kun ji cewa sunan TVML yayi kama da HTML, kuna da gaskiya. Haƙiƙa harshe ne mai ƙima bisa XML kuma yana kama da HTML, kawai ya fi sauƙi kuma yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Amma yana da cikakken cikakke ga aikace-aikace kamar Netflix. Kuma masu amfani za su amfana su ma, saboda tsananin TVML zai sa aikace-aikacen multimedia su yi kama da aiki iri ɗaya.

Hanyar zuwa aikace-aikacen farko

Don haka abu na farko da zan yi shine zazzage sabon sigar beta na yanayin ci gaban Xcode (yana da sigar 7.1). nan). Wannan ya ba ni damar yin amfani da tvOS SDK kuma na sami damar fara wani sabon aiki na musamman wanda ke nufin Apple TV na ƙarni na huɗu. Aikace-aikacen na iya zama tvOS-kawai, ko kuma ana iya ƙara lambar zuwa aikace-aikacen iOS na yanzu don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar "duniya" - samfurin kama da aikace-aikacen iPhone da iPad a yau.

Matsala ta ɗaya: Xcode kawai yana ba da ikon ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar ta asali. Amma da sauri na sami wani sashe a cikin takaddun da zai taimaka wa masu haɓakawa su canza wannan kwarangwal da shirya shi don TVML. Ainihin, ƴan layukan lamba ne a cikin Swift waɗanda, kawai akan Apple TV, ƙirƙirar wani abu mai cikakken allo kuma ya loda babban ɓangaren app ɗin, wanda aka riga an rubuta shi cikin JavaScript.

Matsala ta biyu: Aikace-aikacen TVML suna da kama da shafin yanar gizon, sabili da haka duk lambar kuma ana loda su daga Intanet. Shi kansa aikace-aikacen a zahiri “bootloader” ne kawai, yana ƙunshe da ƙaramar lamba kawai da mafi mahimman abubuwan hoto (tambarin aikace-aikacen da makamantansu). A ƙarshe, na sami nasarar sanya babban lambar JavaScript kai tsaye a cikin app kuma na sami ikon aƙalla nuna saƙon kuskure na al'ada lokacin da Apple TV ba a haɗa shi da Intanet ba.

Karamar matsala ta uku: iOS 9 kuma tare da ita tvOS tana buƙatar cewa duk hanyar sadarwa zuwa Intanet tana faruwa ta hanyar HTTPS. Wannan siffa ce da aka gabatar a cikin iOS 9 ga duk aikace-aikacen kuma dalilin shine matsin lamba akan sirrin mai amfani da amincin bayanan. Don haka zai zama dole a tura takardar shaidar SSL akan sabar gidan yanar gizo. Ana iya siyan shi kaɗan kamar $ 5 (rabin 120) a kowace shekara, ko kuna iya amfani da, misali, sabis na CloudFlare, wanda zai kula da HTTPS da kanta, ta atomatik kuma ba tare da saka hannun jari ba. Zabi na biyu shine kashe wannan ƙuntatawa don aikace-aikacen, wanda zai yiwu a yanzu, amma ba shakka ba zan ba da shawarar shi ba.

Bayan 'yan sa'o'i na karanta takardun, inda har yanzu akwai ƙananan kurakurai na lokaci-lokaci, na yi aiki mai mahimmanci amma aikace-aikacen aiki. Ya nuna shahararren rubutun "Hello Duniya" da maɓalli biyu. Na shafe kimanin sa'o'i biyu ina ƙoƙarin samun maɓallin ya kasance mai aiki kuma a zahiri yin wani abu. Amma idan aka yi la’akari da farkon safiya, na fi son in yi barci… kuma wannan abu ne mai kyau.

Sauran rana, Ina da kyakkyawan ra'ayi don zazzage samfurin TVML da aka shirya kai tsaye daga Apple. Na sami abin da nake nema da sauri a cikin lambar kuma maɓallin yana raye yana aiki. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, na kuma gano sassa biyu na farko na koyawa ta tvOS akan Intanet. Dukansu albarkatun sun taimaka sosai, don haka na fara sabon aiki kuma na fara ainihin aikace-aikacena na farko.

Farko ainihin aikace-aikace

Na fara gaba daya daga karce, shafin TVML na farko. Fa'idar ita ce Apple ya shirya samfuran TVML 18 da aka shirya don masu haɓaka waɗanda kawai ke buƙatar kwafi daga takaddun. Gyara samfuri ɗaya ya ɗauki kusan awa ɗaya, da farko saboda ina shirya API ɗinmu don aika da kammala TVML tare da duk mahimman bayanai zuwa Apple TV.

Samfurin na biyu ya ɗauki kusan mintuna 10 kawai. Na ƙara JavaScripts guda biyu - yawancin lambobin da ke cikinsu suna zuwa kai tsaye daga Apple, don haka me yasa sake ƙirƙira dabaran. Apple ya shirya rubutun da ke kula da lodawa da kuma nuna samfuran TVML, gami da alamar ƙaddamar da abun ciki da aka ba da shawarar da yiwuwar nunin kuskure.

A cikin ƙasa da sa'o'i biyu, na sami damar haɗa aikace-aikacen PLAY.CZ mara kyau, amma mai aiki. Yana iya nuna jerin tashoshin rediyo, yana iya tace shi ta nau'in kuma yana iya fara rediyo. Ee, abubuwa da yawa ba a cikin app ɗin ba, amma abubuwan yau da kullun suna aiki.

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Amfanin shi ne cewa aikace-aikacen ba komai bane illa nau'in gidan yanar gizon na musamman, wanda JavaScript ke aiki dashi kuma zaku iya amfani da CSS don canza kamanni.

Apple har yanzu yana buƙatar wasu ƙarin abubuwa don shiryawa. Alamar aikace-aikacen ba ɗaya ba ce, amma biyu - ƙarami da girma. Sabon abu shine alamar ba hoto bane mai sauƙi, amma yana ƙunshe da tasirin parallax kuma ya ƙunshi yadudduka 2 zuwa 5 (bayan baya, abubuwa a tsakiya da gaba). Duk hotuna masu aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen na iya ƙunsar tasiri iri ɗaya.

Kowane Layer haƙiƙa hoto ne kawai akan bangon bayyane. Apple ya shirya nasa aikace-aikacen don haɗa waɗannan hotuna masu launi kuma ya yi alkawarin fitar da plugin ɗin fitarwa don Adobe Photoshop nan ba da jimawa ba.

Wani abin bukata shine hoton "Top Shelf". Idan mai amfani ya sanya ƙa'idar a cikin babban matsayi a saman jere (a saman shiryayye), app ɗin kuma dole ne ya samar da abun ciki don tebur ɗin sama da jerin ƙa'idodin. Ana iya samun ko dai hoto mai sauƙi ko kuma yana iya zama yanki mai aiki, misali tare da jerin fina-finai da aka fi so ko, a cikin yanayinmu, tashoshin rediyo.

Yawancin masu haɓakawa sun fara bincika yuwuwar sabon tvOS. Labari mai dadi shine cewa rubuta app ɗin abun ciki yana da sauƙi sosai, kuma Apple ya yi nisa ga masu haɓakawa tare da TVML. Gina aikace-aikacen (misali PLAY.CZ ko iVyszílő) ya zama mai sauƙi da sauri. Akwai kyakkyawar dama cewa yawancin aikace-aikacen za su kasance a shirye a lokaci guda yayin da sabon Apple TV ke sayarwa.

Rubuta aikace-aikacen asali ko aika wasa daga iOS zuwa tvOS zai zama mafi ƙalubale, amma ba da yawa ba. Babbar matsala za ta kasance iko daban-daban da 200MB akan iyakar app. Aikace-aikacen asali na iya saukar da iyakataccen ɓangaren bayanai daga kantin sayar da, kuma dole ne a sauke duk wani abu kuma, kuma babu tabbacin cewa tsarin ba zai share wannan bayanan ba. Duk da haka, tabbas masu haɓakawa za su magance wannan iyakance cikin sauri, kuma godiya ga samuwar kayan aikin da ake kira "App Thinning", wanda kuma wani ɓangare ne na iOS 9.

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