Tomas Chlebek asalin A taron WWDC na Apple na shekarar da ta gabata ya gabatar da sabon tsarin fayil na APFS. Tare da sabuntawa a kan iOS 10.3 na'urorin farko daga yanayin yanayin Apple za su canza zuwa gare ta.
Tsarin fayil wani tsari ne wanda ke ba da ajiyar bayanai akan faifai kuma duk yana aiki da shi. A halin yanzu Apple yana amfani da tsarin HFS + don wannan, wanda aka riga aka tura a cikin 1998, ya maye gurbin HFS (Tsarin Fayil na Hierarchical) daga 1985.
Don haka APFS, wanda ke wakiltar Apple File System, ya kamata ya maye gurbin tsarin da aka kirkiro shi sama da shekaru talatin da suka gabata, kuma ya kamata ya yi hakan a duk dandamali na Apple a cikin 2017. Ci gabansa ya fara ne kawai kasa da shekaru uku da suka gabata, amma Apple ya gwada Sauya HFS + tun aƙalla 2006.
Na farko, duk da haka, ƙoƙarin ɗaukar ZFS (Tsarin Fayil na Zettabyte), mai yiwuwa tsarin fayil ɗin da aka fi sani a yanzu, ya gaza, sannan ayyukan biyu suna haɓaka nasu mafita. Don haka APFS yana da dogon tarihi da kuma yawan jira. Koyaya, da yawa har yanzu ba su da tabbas game da babban shirin Apple na ɗaukar APFS a duk faɗin yanayin muhallinta, yana nuni ga abubuwan da aka sani daga wasu tsarin (musamman ZFS) waɗanda suka ɓace daga gare ta. Amma abin da APFS tayi alkawari har yanzu muhimmin ci gaba ne.
APFS wani tsari ne da aka tsara don ajiya na zamani - ba shakka, an gina shi musamman don kayan aikin Apple da software, don haka ya kamata ya dace da SSDs, manyan ayyuka, da manyan fayiloli. Misali, yana tallafawa na asali TASHIYA kuma yana yin shi akai-akai, wanda ke kiyaye aikin faifai mai girma. Babban fasali da fa'idodi akan HFS+ sune: cloning, hotuna, raba sararin samaniya, ɓoyewa, kariyar gazawa da lissafin sauri na sarari da aka yi amfani da shi / kyauta.
Cloning yana maye gurbin kwafin al'ada, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri fayil na biyu mai kama da wanda aka kwafi akan faifai. Cloning maimakon kawai ƙirƙirar kwafin metadata (bayani game da sigogin fayil ɗin), kuma idan ɗayan clones ɗin ya canza, gyare-gyaren kawai za a rubuta su zuwa diski, ba duka fayil ɗin ba kuma. Amfanin cloning an adana sararin faifai da sauri da sauri don ƙirƙirar "kwafin" fayil ɗin.
Tabbas, wannan tsari yana aiki ne kawai a cikin faifai ɗaya kawai - lokacin yin kwafi tsakanin diski biyu, dole ne a ƙirƙiri cikakken kwafin ainihin fayil ɗin akan faifan manufa. Yiwuwar rashin lahani na clones na iya zama yadda suke sarrafa sararin samaniya, inda share clone na kowane babban fayil zai 'yantar da kusan babu sarari diski.
Hoton hoto hoto ne na yanayin faifan a wani lokaci, wanda zai ba da damar fayiloli su ci gaba da aiki da shi yayin da suke adana fom ɗinsu, kamar yadda yake a lokacin da aka ɗauki hoton. Canje-canje kawai ana ajiye su zuwa faifai, ba a ƙirƙiri kwafin bayanai ba. Don haka wannan hanya ce ta madadin da ta fi dogaro fiye da abin da Time Machine ke amfani da shi a halin yanzu.
Rarraba sarari yana ba da damar da yawa faifai partitions raba sararin diski na zahiri iri ɗaya. Misali, idan diski mai tsarin fayil na HFS+ ya kasu kashi uku kuma daya daga cikinsu ya kare (a yayin da sauran ke da sarari), yana yiwuwa kawai a goge bangare na gaba sannan a makala sararinsa zuwa wanda ke aiki. daga sarari. Ga duk ɓangarori, AFPS yana nuna duk sarari kyauta akan faifan jiki gaba ɗaya.
Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin ƙirƙirar ɓangarori, babu buƙatar kimanta girman da ake buƙata, saboda yana da ƙarfi gabaɗaya dangane da sararin da ake buƙata na kyauta a cikin ɓangaren da aka bayar. Misali, muna da faifan diski mai nauyin 100 GB ya kasu kashi biyu, inda daya ya cika 10 GB, ɗayan kuma 20 GB. A wannan yanayin, duka sassan biyu za su nuna 70 GB na sarari kyauta.
Tabbas, an riga an sami ɓoyayyen faifai tare da HFS+, amma APFS yana ba da sigar sa mafi rikitarwa. Maimakon nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu (babu ɓoyewa da ɓoyayyen maɓalli guda ɗaya) tare da HFS+, APFS yana iya ɓoye diski ta amfani da maɓallai da yawa don kowane fayil da maɓalli daban don metadata.
Kariyar gazawa tana nufin abin da ke faruwa a yanayin rashin nasara yayin rubutawa zuwa faifai. A irin wannan yanayi, sau da yawa ana samun asarar bayanai, musamman idan ana sake rubuta bayanan, saboda akwai lokacin da duk bayanan da aka goge da kuma rubutattun bayanai ke kan hanyar watsawa kuma suna ɓacewa lokacin da aka cire wutar lantarki. APFS na guje wa wannan matsala ta hanyar amfani da hanyar Copy-on-write (COW), wanda ba a maye gurbin tsoffin bayanai da sababbi kai tsaye ba don haka babu haɗarin rasa su a yayin da aka gaza.
Siffofin da ke akwai a cikin wasu tsarin fayil na zamani waɗanda APFS (a halin yanzu) ba su da su sun haɗa da matsawa da ƙima mai ƙima (kwafi na metadata don tabbatar da amincin ainihin asali - APFS yana yin wannan, amma ba don bayanan mai amfani ba). APFS kuma ba ta da sakewar bayanai (duplicates) (duba cloning), wanda ke adana sararin faifai, amma yana sa ba zai yiwu a gyara bayanai ba idan akwai cin hanci da rashawa. Dangane da haka, an ce Apple na da sha'awar ingancin ma'ajiyar da yake sanyawa a cikin kayayyakinsa.
Masu amfani za su fara ganin APFS akan na'urorin iOS, riga lokacin da ake ɗaukakawa zuwa iOS 10.3. Ba a san ainihin shirin na gaba ba tukuna, sai dai a cikin 2018, duk tsarin yanayin Apple yakamata ya gudana akan APFS, watau na'urori masu iOS, watchOS, tvOS da macOS. Sabon tsarin fayil ya kamata ya zama sauri, mafi aminci kuma mafi aminci godiya ga ingantawa.
"kuma suna nuna abubuwan da aka sani daga wasu tsarin (musamman ZFS) waɗanda suka ɓace daga gare ta." Resp. za a iya ƙara zuwa labarin. In ba haka ba babban labarin. Godiya.
Ƙara a cikin sakin layi na ƙarshe.
Godiya da yawa. Kuma na sake godewa don babban labarin taƙaitacce.
Haka ne, na yarda, babu shakka babu miliyoyin labarai a nan, amma idan wani abu ya fito, ina so in girmama shi kuma in ba shi cikakkiyar hankalina. A lokaci guda kuma, na ɗan fi wayo kuma, ba kamar sauran gidajen yanar gizon ba, ba na nadamar ɓata lokaci karatu.
Ee, labari mai ban sha'awa. Ko da irin wannan canjin ya ɗan ba ni tsoro ;-). Zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin shirye-shiryen dawo da bayanan da aka goge su bayyana, don kama wasu kwari, da sauransu.
Duk da haka, na fahimci cewa bayan shekaru 30 lokaci ya yi da za a yi wani abu, saboda wajibi ne a lissafta sararin samaniya a kan faifai, nawa ne aka karɓa ta littattafan adireshi, da dai sauransu. yana da kyau jinkirin yau.
Babban labarin
Babban labarin, Ina matukar sha'awar yadda canjin zuwa MacOS HFS + -> shigarwar APFS zai gudana.
Labari mai kyau! Godiya!