Libor Kubin Su uku na Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak da Ronald Gerald Wayne sun kafa Apple Inc. a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1976. Ba wanda ya san cewa juyin juya hali na dabara ya fara faruwa wanda ya canza dukan duniya. A wannan shekarar, an haɗa kwamfuta ta farko a cikin gareji.
Yaron da yake son kwamfuta ya canza duniya
Ana yi masa lakabi da The Woz, Wonderful Wizard na Woz, iWoz, wani Steve ko ma kwakwalwar Apple. An haifi Stephen Gary "Woz" Wozniak a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1950 a San Jose, California. Ya shiga harkar lantarki tun yana matashi. Uba Jerry ya goyi bayan dansa mai bincike don biyan bukatunsa kuma ya kaddamar da shi cikin sirrin resistors, diodes da sauran kayan lantarki. Lokacin yana ɗan shekara goma sha ɗaya, Steve Wozniak ya karanta game da kwamfutar ENIAC kuma ya so ta. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kera rediyo mai sonsa na farko har ma ya sami lasisin watsa shirye-shirye. Ya gina na'urar lissafi ta transistor yana da shekaru goma sha uku kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a cikin kungiyar lantarki ta makarantar sakandare (wanda ya zama shugaban kasa). A wannan shekarar ne ya gina kwamfutarsa ta farko. Yana yiwuwa a kunna masu duba a kai.
Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Woz ya shiga Jami'ar Colorado, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka kore shi. Ya fara gina kwamfuta a gareji tare da abokinsa Bill Fernandez. Ya kira ta da Cream Soda Computer kuma an rubuta shirin akan katin naushi. Wannan kwamfuta na iya canza tarihi. Sai dai idan ba shakka, ya ɗan ɗanɗana kuma ya kone yayin gabatar da wani ɗan jarida na cikin gida.
A cewar wata sigar, Wozniak ya sadu da Jobs Fernandez a cikin 1970. Wani almara ya ba da labarin wani aikin rani na haɗin gwiwa a kamfanin Hewlett-Packard. Wozniak ya yi aiki a nan akan babban firam.
Akwatin shuɗi
Kasuwancin haɗin gwiwa na farko na Wozniak tare da Ayyuka an fara shi ne ta labarin Sirrin Akwatin Blue Blue. Mujallar Esquire ta buga shi a watan Oktoba 1971. Ya kamata ya zama almara, amma a zahiri ya fi littafin rufaffiyar littafin. Ya shagala ta hanyar zagi – shiga cikin tsarin waya da yin kiran waya kyauta. John Draper ya gano cewa tare da taimakon wani usur mai cike da flakes na yara, zaku iya kwaikwayi sautin da ke nuna faɗuwar tsabar kuɗi a cikin wayar. Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a kira dukan duniya kyauta. Wannan "ganowa" ya burge Wozniak, kuma shi da Draper sun ƙirƙira nasu janareta na sautin. Masu ƙirƙira sun san cewa suna tafiya ne a gefen doka. Sun sanye akwatunan tare da wani abu mai aminci - mai canzawa da maganadisu. Idan akwai kamawa, an cire magnet kuma an karkatar da sautunan. Wozniak ya gaya wa abokan cinikinsa su yi kamar akwatin kiɗa ne kawai. A wannan lokacin ne Jobs ya nuna basirar kasuwancinsa. Ya sayar a dakunan kwanan dalibai na Berkeley Akwatin shuɗi za'a iya siyarwa akan 150 US dollar.
A wani lokaci, Wozniak ya yi amfani da akwatin shuɗi don kiran Vatican. Ya gabatar da kansa kamar yadda Henry Kissinger kuma ya bukaci tattaunawa da Paparoma wanda yake barci a lokacin.
Daga kalkuleta zuwa apple
Woz ya sami aiki a Hewlett-Packard. A cikin shekarun 1973-1976, ya kera na'urorin lissafin aljihu na HP 35 na farko da HP 65 A tsakiyar shekarun 70s, yana halartar taron masu sha'awar kwamfuta na wata-wata a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Homebrew Computers. Mai gabatarwa, mai gashi nan da nan ya haɓaka suna a matsayin gwani wanda zai iya magance kowace matsala. Yana da hazaka biyu: yana sarrafa ƙirar kayan masarufi da shirye-shiryen software.
Ayyuka suna aiki ga Atari tun 1974 a matsayin mai zanen wasa. Ya yi wa Woz tayin wanda kuma babban kalubale ne. Atari yayi alƙawarin bayar da tukuicin $750 da kari na $100 ga kowane IC da aka ajiye akan allo. Wozniak bai yi barci ba cikin kwanaki hudu. Yana iya rage jimlar adadin da'irori da guda hamsin (zuwa kusan arba'in da biyu na ban mamaki). Zane ya kasance m amma mai rikitarwa. Yana da matsala ga Atari ya samar da waɗannan allunan. Anan kuma tatsuniyoyi sun bambanta. Dangane da sigar farko, Atari ya gaza kan kwangilar kuma Woz yana karɓar $ 750 kawai. Sigar ta biyu ta ce Ayyuka suna samun tukuicin dala 5000, amma kawai ya biya Wozniak rabin alƙawarin - $375.
A lokacin, Wozniak ba shi da kwamfuta, don haka yana sayen lokaci a kan ƙananan na'urori a Call Computer. Alex Kamradt ne ke tafiyar da shi. An yi magana da kwamfutocin ta hanyar amfani da tef ɗin takarda, abin da aka fitar daga Texas Instruments Silent 700 thermal printer amma bai dace ba. Woz ya ga tashar kwamfuta a cikin Popular Electronics mujallar, ya sami wahayi kuma ya ƙirƙiri nasa. Ya nuna manyan haruffa kawai, haruffa arba'in a kowane layi, da layi ashirin da huɗu. Kamradt ya ga yuwuwar a cikin waɗannan tashoshin bidiyo, ya ba wa Wozniak izini don tsara na'urar. Daga baya ya sayar da wasu ta hanyar kamfaninsa.
Girman shaharar sabbin kwamfutoci, kamar Altair 8800 da IMSAI, sun zaburar da Wozniak. Ya yi tunanin gina microprocessor a cikin tashar, amma matsalar tana cikin farashi. Intel 179 ya kai $8080 sannan Motorola 170 (wanda ya fi so) ya kai $6800. Duk da haka, mai sarrafawa ya wuce karfin kudi na matashin mai sha'awar, don haka kawai ya yi aiki da fensir da takarda.
Ci gaban ya zo a cikin 1975. MOS Technology ya fara sayar da microprocessor 6502 akan $25. Ya yi kama da Motorola 6800 processor kamar yadda ƙungiyar ci gaba iri ɗaya ce ta tsara shi. Woz yayi sauri ya rubuta sabon sigar BASIC don guntun kwamfuta. A ƙarshen 1975, ya kammala samfurin Apple I na farko shine a Gidan Kwamfuta na Homebrew. Steve Jobs ya damu da kwamfutar Wozniak. Dukansu sun amince su kafa kamfani don kerawa da sayar da kwamfutoci.
A cikin Janairu 1976, Hewlett-Packard ya yi tayin kera da siyar da Apple I akan $800, amma an ƙi. Kamfanin ba ya so ya kasance a cikin ɓangaren kasuwa da aka ba. Ko da Atari, inda Ayyuka ke aiki, ba shi da sha'awar.
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak da Ronald Gerald Wayne sun sami Apple Inc. Amma Wayne ya bar kamfanin bayan kwanaki goma sha biyu. A cikin Afrilu, Wozniak ya bar Hewlett-Packard. Ya sayar da kalkuleta na kansa na HP 65 da kuma Ayyuka na ƙaramin motar sa ta Volkswagen, kuma sun haɗa jarin farawa na $1300.
Albarkatu: www.forbes.com, wikipedia.org, ed-thelen.org a www.stevejobs.info
Yayi kyau sosai; yaushe ne kashi na biyu?
Wannan kyakkyawan karatu ne…. Na gode :-)
Na sani, babban labari ne, Ina da littafi game da iWoz a gida kuma yana da girma sosai
An rubuta da kyau, godiya.
Ina ba da shawarar kallon fim ɗin Pirates of Silicon Valley. Ya tattauna farkon Apple (da kuma Microsoft).
Zuwa Honza: Psst, kar a bayyana! Wannan zai kasance a kashi na biyu.
labarin yayi kyau, na gode
To babu wani bangare na gaba?