Komawa baya: STRETCH supercomputers da kwayar cutar Chernobyl (Afrilu 25, 4)

Kwamfutoci da yawa sun fito daga taron bitar na IBM. Wasu sun bambanta a nasarar kasuwancin su, wasu a cikin ayyukansu ko farashin su. A kashi na biyu ne babbar na’ura mai sarrafa kwamfuta mai suna STRETCH ta fado, wanda za mu iya tunawa a cikin shirinmu na yau. A cikin kashi na biyu, za mu yi magana game da kwayar cutar Chernobyl daga shekaru casa'in.

Supercomputers STRETCH (1960)

A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1960, IBM ta sanar da cewa tana shirin fito da nata layin samfuran manyan kwamfutoci mai suna STRETCH. Wadannan kwamfutoci kuma ana kiran su da IBM 7030. Bayan da aka fara tunanin akwai Dokta Edward Teller daga Jami'ar California, wanda a lokacin ya gabatar da bukatar da ake bukata na kwamfuta mai iya yin lissafin hadaddun lissafi a fannin hydrodynamics. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake bukata akwai, misali, ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na 1-2 MIPS da farashin da ya kai dala miliyan 2,5. A shekarar 1961, lokacin da IBM ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen farko na wannan kwamfutar, ya nuna cewa ta samu aikin kusan 1,2 MIPS. Matsalar ita ce farashin sayar da kayayyaki, wanda tun farko an sanya shi kan dala miliyan 13,5, sannan ya rage kasa da dala miliyan takwas. STRECH supercomputers a ƙarshe sun ga hasken rana a cikin Mayu 1961, kuma IBM ta sami nasarar siyar da jimillar raka'a tara.

Gidan hoton hoto

Farashin IBM2

Farashin IBM1

Logo na IBM

Cutar ta Chernobyl (1999)

A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1999, an sami yaduwar kwayar cutar kwamfuta mai suna Chernobyl. Wannan kwayar cutar kuma ana kiranta da Spacefiller. An yi niyya ne ga kwamfutocin da ke tafiyar da tsarin aiki na Microsoft Windows 9x, suna kai hari kan BIOS kanta. Wanda ya kirkiro wannan kwayar cutar shine Chen Ing-hau, dalibin Jami'ar Tatung ta Taiwan. A cewar rahotanni da aka samu, jimillar kwamfutoci miliyan sittin a duniya sun kamu da cutar ta Chernobyl, wanda ya haifar da asarar dala biliyan daya. Daga baya Chen Ing-hau ya bayyana cewa ya tsara kwayar cutar ne a matsayin mayar da martani ga masu kera manhajojin rigakafin cutar kanjamau game da ingancin shirye-shiryen kwamfuta daban-daban. Ba a yanke masa hukunci ba a lokacin Chen saboda babu daya daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa da ya dauki matakin shari'a a kansa.